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Interesting Read ie Disinfectants and More
by espíritu del lago Sat Nov 10, 2018 6:09 am
Ferret of note:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant
"
[size=32]Ozone[/size][size=32] is a gas used for disinfecting water, laundry, foods, air, and surfaces. It is chemically aggressive and destroys many organic compounds, resulting in rapid decolorization and deodorization in addition to disinfection. Ozone decomposes relatively quickly. However, due to this characteristic of ozone, tap water chlorination cannot be entirely replaced by ozonation, as the ozone would decompose already in the water piping. Instead, it is used to remove the bulk of oxidizable matter from the water, which would produce small amounts of [/size][size=32]organochlorides[/size][size=32] if treated with chlorine only. Regardless, ozone has a very wide range of applications from municipal to industrial water treatment due to its powerful reactivity."[/size]
[size=32]"[/size]
And many more to peruse.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant
"
- Hydrogen peroxide is used in hospitals to disinfect surfaces and it is used in solution alone or in combination with other chemicals as a high level disinfectant. Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes mixed with colloidal silver. It is often preferred because it causes far fewer allergic reactions than alternative disinfectants. Also used in the food packaging industry to disinfect foil containers. A 3% solution is also used as an antiseptic."
- [size=32]"Hydrogen peroxide is used in hospitals to disinfect surfaces and it is used in solution alone or in combination with other chemicals as a high level disinfectant. Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes mixed with colloidal silver. It is often preferred because it causes far fewer allergic reactions than alternative disinfectants. Also used in the food packaging industry to disinfect foil containers. A 3% solution is also used as an antiseptic."[/size]
[size=32]Ozone[/size][size=32] is a gas used for disinfecting water, laundry, foods, air, and surfaces. It is chemically aggressive and destroys many organic compounds, resulting in rapid decolorization and deodorization in addition to disinfection. Ozone decomposes relatively quickly. However, due to this characteristic of ozone, tap water chlorination cannot be entirely replaced by ozonation, as the ozone would decompose already in the water piping. Instead, it is used to remove the bulk of oxidizable matter from the water, which would produce small amounts of [/size][size=32]organochlorides[/size][size=32] if treated with chlorine only. Regardless, ozone has a very wide range of applications from municipal to industrial water treatment due to its powerful reactivity."[/size]
[size=32]"[/size]
- Thymol, derived from the herb thyme, is the active ingredient in some "broad spectrum" disinfectants that often bear ecological claims. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge.[22]
- Amylmetacresol is found in Strepsils, a throat disinfectant.
- Although not a phenol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol has similar effects as phenols, but it cannot inactivate viruses."
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
And many more to peruse.
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Re: Interesting Read ie Disinfectants and More
by espíritu del lago Sat Nov 10, 2018 6:18 am
"[size=32]Propylene glycol is used in veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for[/size] [size=32]hyperketonaemia[/size] [size=32]in[/size] [size=32]ruminants[/size][size=32]. Glucose, which can be used in non-ruminants for this purpose, is not effective due to its consumption by the resident microbes of the[/size] [size=32]rumen[/size][size=32]. Propylene glycol is partially[/size] [size=32]metabolized[/size] [size=32]in the rumen to[/size] [size=32]propionate[/size] [size=32]which can be used as an energy source. The remainder is absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the liver for[/size] [size=32]gluconeogenesis[/size][size=32].[/size][22]
The acute oral toxicity of propylene glycol (E1520) is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health damage in humans; propylene glycol is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[23] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance).[24][25][26]According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50[27] (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests,) for rats is [28] 20 g/kg (rat/oral).
Serious toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally.[29] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PG, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[30] Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children.[31]
The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In one study, in 1972, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PG over a period of 2 years, and showed no apparent ill effects; no data on offspring were offered.[32] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts.[30][33] The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses.[size=37][34]"[/size]
Propylene glycol is used in veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants. Glucose, which can be used in non-ruminants for this purpose, is not effective due to its consumption by the resident microbes of the rumen. Propylene glycol is partially metabolized in the rumen to propionate which can be used as an energy source. The remainder is absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the liver for gluconeogenesis.[22]
[size=32]~~~~~~~~~~~~[/size]
[size=32]Refer to ^^^ for more in depth information. [/size]
[size=32]Oral administrationEdit[/size]
The acute oral toxicity of propylene glycol (E1520) is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health damage in humans; propylene glycol is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[23] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance).[24][25][26]According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50[27] (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests,) for rats is [28] 20 g/kg (rat/oral).
Serious toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally.[29] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PG, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[30] Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children.[31]
The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In one study, in 1972, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% PG over a period of 2 years, and showed no apparent ill effects; no data on offspring were offered.[32] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts.[30][33] The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses.[size=37][34]"[/size]
Propylene glycol is used in veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants. Glucose, which can be used in non-ruminants for this purpose, is not effective due to its consumption by the resident microbes of the rumen. Propylene glycol is partially metabolized in the rumen to propionate which can be used as an energy source. The remainder is absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the liver for gluconeogenesis.[22]
[size=32]~~~~~~~~~~~~[/size]
[size=32]Refer to ^^^ for more in depth information. [/size]
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